documentation/docs/gentoo-desktop-setup/installation.md

Now is the time to actually install Gentoo.

First import the pool again:

```
# zpool import -N -R /mnt rpool
# zfs load-key -L file:///tmp/rpool.key rpool
```

Then mount the datasets and the ESP on `/mnt`:

```
# mount -t zfs rpool/root/gentoo /mnt
# mkdir /mnt/var
# mount -t zfs rpool/root/gentoo/var /mnt/var
# mkdir /mnt/efi
# mount -t vfat /dev/disk/by-label/esp /mnt/efi
```

Now we're going to fetch a stage3 tarball for on the root of the system. Replace the `<release_date>` with the latest tarball release.

```
# cd /mnt
# wget https://distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-stage3-amd64-musl-hardened/stage3-amd64-musl-hardened-<release_date>.tar.xz
```

> There are also other mirrors like `https://ftp.snt.utwente.nl/pub/os/linux/gentoo/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-stage3-amd64-musl-hardened/` which might provide a faster download depending on your location. Check out <https://www.gentoo.org/downloads/mirrors/> for other mirrors.

> It is also possible to use `links` instead of `wget` which provides a small user interface for navigation: `# links https://distfiles.gentoo.org/releases/amd64/autobuilds/current-stage3-amd64-musl-hardened`

Unpack it in the new root:

```
# tar xpvf stage3-*.tar.xz --numeric-owner
```

Then before finally chrooting into the system simply copy over the `resolv.conf` for internet connection inside the chroot.

```
# cp /etc/resolv.conf /mnt/etc/.
# cp /tmp/rpool.key /mnt/tmp
# for i in dev proc sys run; do
    mount --rbind --make-rslave /$i /mnt/$i
    done
# chroot /mnt 
```

## Configuring the system

### Portage

Before installing any software first edit `/etc/portage/make.conf` which acts as the main configuration file for portage. A Gentoo installation is highly personal so diverting from these settings is encouraged. Here's an example file:

```
# Please consult /usr/share/portage/config/make.conf.example for a more
# detailed example.
COMMON_FLAGS="-march=native -O2 -pipe"
CFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
CXXFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FCFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
FFLAGS="${COMMON_FLAGS}"
RUSTFLAGS="${RUSTFLAGS} -C target-cpu=native"

# MakeOpts
MAKEOPTS="-j7 -l5"

# WARNING: Changing your CHOST is not something that should be done lightly.
# Please consult https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Changing_the_CHOST_variable before changing.
CHOST="x86_64-pc-linux-musl"

# NOTE: This stage was built with the bindist USE flag enabled

# This sets the language of build output to English.
# Please keep this setting intact when reporting bugs.
LC_MESSAGES=C.utf8

# Logging
PORTAGE_ELOG_CLASSES="log warn error"
PORTAGE_LOGDIR="/var/log/portage"
PORTAGE_LOGDIR_CLEAN="find \"\${PORTAGE_LOGDIR}\" -type f ! -name \"summary.log*\" -mtime +7 -delete"

# Only accept free licenses
ACCEPT_LICENSE="-* @FREE"

# USE flags
USE="${USE} networkmanager wayland dbus elogind -systemd policykit pam man udev pipewire initramfs secureboot modules-sign dist-kernel -gtkdoc" # ....

# Emerge settings
EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS="${EMERGE_DEFAULT_OPTS} --with-bdeps y"

# For secureboot (will be necessary later)
SECUREBOOT_SIGN_KEY="/var/lib/sbctl/keys/db/db.key"
SECUREBOOT_SIGN_CERT="/var/lib/sbctl/keys/db/db.pem"
MODULES_SIGN_KEY="${SECUREBOOT_SIGN_KEY}"
MODULES_SIGN_CERT="${SECUREBOOT_SIGN_CERT}"
MODULES_SIGN_HASH="sha512"

```

> Don't forget to change the `MAKEOPTS` to match your CPU and also the `USEFLAGS` to your liking. 

Now finally sync the repositories and try installing a package like `vim`.

```
# emaint sync
# emerge --ask --verbose app-editors/vim
```

In theory it should work.


### Fstab

Simply add these lines to the fstab:

```
rpool/root/gentoo       /	zfs	rw,noatime,xattr,posixacl,casesensitive			0 1
rpool/root/gentoo/var   /var	zfs	rw,noatime,nosuid,nodev,xattr,posixacl,casesensitive    0 2
/dev/disk/by-label/efi  /efi	vfat	defaults,nodev,nosuid,noexec,umask=0077			0 2
tmpfs                   /tmp	tmpfs	rw,nodev,nosuid,noexec,mode=1777                        0 0
proc			/proc	proc	nodev,nosuid,noexec,hidepid=2                           0 0
```

### Date and time

First install `timezone-data`:

```
# emerge -av sys-libs/timezone-data
```

Create `/etc/env.d/00local` with:

```
TZ="/usr/share/zoneinfo/<region>/<city>"
```

Update the environment:

```
# env-update && source /etc/profile
```

Configure `hwclock` in `/etc/conf.d/hwclock`:

```
clock="UTC"
clock_hctosys="NO"
clock_systohc="NO"
```

And set up a `ntpd`:

```
# emerge -av net-misc/openntpd
# rc-update add ntpd default
# rc-service ntpd start
```

### Set up locales

Install the `musl-locales` package:

```
# emerge -av sys-apps/musl-locales
```

And in `/etc/env.d/01musl_locales` add:

```
MUSL_LOCPATH="/usr/share/i18n/locales/musl"
```

Then choose the desired locale with $n \in \mathbb{N}$:

```
# eselect locale list
# eselect locale set <n>
# env-update && source /etc/profile
```

### Setting the hostname

Simply run:

```
echo "<hostname>" > /etc/hostname
```

### Internet

NetworkManager is an easy to use network manager. Before emerging it, consider adding some USE flags in `/etc/portage/package.use/networkmanager`

```
net-misc/networkmanager dhcpcd -wext
```

And also make sure the `networkmanager` USE flag is enabled in your `make.conf`. Then emerge `networkmananger`:

```
# emerge -av net-misc/networkmanager
```

Then disable any other network services before enabling the service:

```
# rc-update add NetworkManager default
# rc-service NetworkManager start
```

## Making the system boot

### Sbctl

First off install `sbctl`:

```
# emerge -av sbctl
```

> Verify that Secureboot mode is on and in setup mode with `sbctl status`

Then create and enroll keys into the system.

```
# sbctl create-keys
# sbctl enroll-keys <--microsoft>
```

Use the `--microsoft` flag if the system is unable to use custom keys or when dual booting with Windows.

## Adding GURU 

GURU is an extra repository which contains packages not available in the main Gentoo repository. Although the packages it contains might not be as well tested as in the main repo they are still necessary for some setups. Add Guru with:

```
# emerge -av app-eselect/eselect-repository
# eselect repository enable guru
# emaint sync --repo guru
```

To allow unstable packages from GURU, in `/etc/portage/package.accept_keywords/guru`:

```
*/*::guru ~amd64
```

### Zlevis' auto decryption

`zlevis` is able to unlock an encrypted ZFS root pool with keys saved in a TPM, currently it's only available in the `portage-ample` repository and also has some dependencies in the `guru` repository:

```
# eselect repository add portage-ample git https://git.bijl.us/lnorg/portage-ample
# emaint sync -r portage-ample
```

Then before emerging add the `dracut` flag in `/etc/portage/package.use/zlevis`

```
app-crypt/zlevis dracut
```

Then simply install it:

```
# emerge -av app-crypt/zlevis
```

Now add `zlevis` to the pool with

```
# zfs set tpm:jwe=$(zlevis-encrypt '{}' < /tmp/rpool.key) rpool
```

### UKI's

UKI's in conjuction with secureboot make for a pretty secure bootchain :D <--- deze lijnen moeten nog anders
We use `dracut` as initramfs generator and `ukify` as UKI generator.

Firsty create `/usr/lib/kernel/install.conf`

```
layout=uki
initrd_generator=dracut
uki_generator=ukify
```

And in `/etc/kernel/uki.conf`

```
[UKI]
SecureBootSigningTool=sbsign
```

Portage also has to be told to generate a UKI when installing a kernel this can be done by creating `/etc/portage/package.use/uki`

```
sys-apps/systemd-utils kernel-install boot ukify
sys-kernel/installkernel dracut ukify uki
```

These USE flags tell portage also to install `systemd-boot` which can automatically detect UKI's and because of the `secureboot` flag in `/etc/portage/make.conf` it will also automatically sign the bootloader.

Also allow `linux-firmware`'s license in `/etc/portage/package.license`:

```
# Accepting the license for linux-firmware
sys-kernel/linux-firmware linux-fw-redistributable

# Accepting any license that permits redistribution
sys-kernel/linux-firmware @BINARY-REDISTRIBUTABLE
```

Enable the `zlevis` module in `/etc/dracut.conf.d/zlevis.conf`

```
nofsck="yes"
add_dracutmodules+=" zlevis "
```

Before installing a kernel define a minimal kernel command line in `/etc/kernel/cmdline`:

```
rw root=ZFS=rpool/root/gentoo quiet splash
```

Then finally install all the necessary packages:

```
# emerge -av sbsigntools systemd-utils linux-firmware gentoo-kernel-bin zfs-kmod
```

It should have done this without throwing any errors.

Then for a nice boot interface install `systemd-boot` on the ESP:

```
# bootctl install
```

The last thing to do is adding a few ZFS services on boot:

```
# rc-update add zfs-import sysinit
# rc-update add zfs-mount sysinit
```

Now exit the chroot and unmount the filesystem with:

```
# umount -lf /mnt
```

The system should boot after reboot!