# Users

It might be nice to add a user to your system.



## Doas

Before creating the user install `doas` for when root is requiered:

```
# apk add doas
```

Also configure `doas` through `/etc/doas.d/main.conf`:

```
permit persist :wheel as root
permit nopasss :_power cmd /sbin/poweroff
permit nopasss :_power cmd /sbin/reboot
```

And create a `_power` group for user's to be able to poweroff the system without root:

```
# addgroup -S _power
```



## Adding a user

Adding a user in alpine can be done using the `setup-user` script. Here we can specify the name, fullname with `-f`, groups and more:

```
# setup-user -g wheel,_power -f "<Full Name>" <username>
# passwd <username>
```

> It is also recommended to have an "admin" account which is the only one in the wheel group.

And you may have to change the shell of the user in `/etc/passwd` from `/sbin/nologin` to a shell from `/etc/shells`. Alpine Linux comes with `/bin/ash` by default:

```
<username>:x:1234:1234:<Full Name>:/home/<username>:/bin/<shell>
```

Don't login yet if you want to encrypt the directory.

If you have checked that `doas` works with the user then you can lock the root account because it's insecure to keep open. This can be done with:

```
# passwd -l root
```

And editing `/etc/passwd` to change the login shell from `/bin/ash` to `/sbin/nologin`:

```
root:x:0:0:root:/root:/sbin/nologin
```



### Encrypting the home directory (Not yet working, DO NOT FOLLOW)

If you are running a system with multiple users or if you want an extra layer of protection then it's possible to encrypt every user's home directory.

> Do note that a second layer of encryption can lead to lower disk performance so in the case where this is important it might be preferred not to encrypt.



#### Setting up fscrypt

First install the `fscrypt` and `e2fsprogs-extra` packages:

```
# apk add fscrypt e2fsprogs-extra
```

Then make sure our filesystem has the `encrypt` feature enabled and setup `fscrypt` on the home directory:

```
# tune2fs -O encrypt /dev/vg<n>/alp_home
# fscrypt setup
# fscrypt setup /home
```

And in `/etc/pam.d/login` add these lines to their corresponding sections:

```
auth     optional    pam_fscrypt.so
...
session  optional    pam_fscrypt.so
```



#### Encrypting a user's home

Encrypt the directory with:

```
# fscrypt encrypt /home/<username> --user=<username>
[Create a new login protector]
[Enter 1 so that it unlocks the directory when the user logs in]
```

Then reboot and login with the user to check if it worked. It should also have given you a recovery password which should be stored somewhere safely (like Bitwarden). To check the status of the directory run:

```
$ fscrypt status /home/<username>
```



## TLDR

If you have already set up a system with a user but want to add another do this:

```
# setup-user -g (wheel,)nix,_power -f "<Full Name>" <username>
# passwd <username>
[Change shell in /etc/passwd]
# fscrypt encrypt /home/<username> --user=<username> # Doesn't work yet
[Create a new login protector]
[Enter 1 so that it unlocks the directory when the user logs in]
```